Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

Chifukwa Chake Phokoso Ndilo Njira Yaikulu Yosankhira Zitseko Zokha M'malo Okhala Chete

Malaibulale, nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale, zipatala, malo ofufuzira, ndi malo osinkhasinkha ali ndi zofunikira zofanana: phokoso lozungulira liyenera kukhala losachepera milingo yomwe imasokoneza kukhazikika, kuchira, kapena kuganizira.Chifukwa makina odzitsekera okha amagwira ntchito kambirimbiri patsiku m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri., phokoso lochuluka lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha ntchito ya injini ya pakhomo lingapitirire malire a phokoso lakumbuyo ngati ukadaulo wolakwika wa injini watchulidwa. Bungwe la World Health Organization limalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa phokoso lamkati lomwe lili pansi pa 35dB m'malo omwe amafunika kuchuluka kwa magalimoto komanso pansi pa 40dB m'malo onse amkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kusankha phokoso la injini kukhala kofunikira kwambiri pa malo opanda phokoso.

Phokoso la makina odzipangira okha limachokera ku magwero atatu: injini yokha (phokoso la maginito ndi phokoso la bearing), makina oyendetsera galimoto (phokoso la lamba, giya, kapena unyolo), ndi kayendedwe ka tsamba la chitseko (kusuntha kwa mpweya ndi kukangana kwa track).Ukadaulo wa mota wa DC wopanda brushlessimakhudza gwero loyamba mwa kuchotsa mawonekedwe a burashi-commutator omwe amapanga phokoso lalikulu mu ma mota akale opangidwa ndi burashi. Kuchepetsa phokoso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha 10-15dB kumasintha zitseko zokha kuchoka pa vuto la phokoso kukhala gawo losamveka bwino la malo.

Kwa oyang'anira malo omwe amayesa makina odzitsekera okha, mawu ofotokozera phokoso ayenera kutsatiridwa mofanana ndi mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake komanso kuchuluka kwa chitetezo cha moto.Dongosolo la chitseko lomwe limakwaniritsa zofunikira zina zonse koma limapitirira malire a phokoso siliyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo opanda phokoso, mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wake, mawonekedwe ake, kapena mbiri ya kampani. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuyesa phokoso ndi kutsimikizira kukhale muyezo wopambana/kulephera pogula.

Momwe Ukadaulo wa Magalimoto a DC Opanda Brushless Umakwaniritsira Ntchito ya Phokoso ya ≤50dB

Ubwino wa phokoso la ma mota a DC opanda maburashi kuposa ma mota opangidwa ndi maburashi umachokera ku kusiyana kwakukulu kwa makina.Chifukwa ma mota opangidwa ndi brushed amagwiritsa ntchito maburashi a carbon physical akukanikiza motsutsana ndi commutator yozungulira kuti atumize magetsi, mawonekedwe a burashi-commutator amapanga phokoso lopitirira la kukangana, phokoso lozungulira, ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumafalikira kudzera m'nyumba ya injini. Phokoso ili ndi lofanana ndi kapangidwe ka burashi ndipo silingathetsedwe popanda kusintha ukadaulo wa injini.

Ma mota a DC opanda maburashi amachotsa kotheratu mawonekedwe a brush-commutator. M'malo mwa maburashi amakina, amagwiritsa ntchito electronic commutation — chowongolera chamagetsi chimasinthira mphamvu mu ma windings a mota mogwirizana ndi malo a rotor, omwe amawonedwa ndi ma Hall sensors kapena back-EMF sensing. Kusintha kwamagetsi kumeneku sikubweretsa kukhudzana kwamakina, kusakhala ndi kukangana, kapena kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso lichepe kwambiri.

Magwero ena a phokoso mu mota yopanda burashi ndi awa: phokoso la bearing (ma bearing a mpira omwe amathandizira rotor shaft), phokoso la electromagnetic (lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi mphamvu zamaginito pakati pa rotor ndi stator), ndi phokoso la windage (kugwedezeka kwa mpweya komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi rotor yozungulira). Ma mota opanda burashi abwino amachepetsa magwero awa kudzera mu kusankha bwino ma bearing (ma bearing otsekedwa, okonzedwa kale okhala ndi ma grade ochepa a phokoso), kapangidwe ka maginito okonzedwa bwino (maginito opindika ndi ma windings ogawidwa omwe amachepetsa torque yozungulira ndi phokoso la electromagnetic), ndi kapangidwe ka rotor ya aerodynamic (malo osalala a rotor omwe amachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa mpweya).

Pa mota ya DC yopanda maburashi ya 24V 60W ngati yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito muWoyendetsa chitseko chotsetsereka cha YF150 chodzipangira chokha, phokoso lophatikizana kuchokera ku magwero onse pa liwiro la ntchito ndi 42-48dB yoyezedwa pa mtunda wa mita imodzi — mkati mwa zofunikira za ≤50dB zofunika pakugwiritsa ntchito malo chete.

Momwe Mungatanthauzire ndi Kutsimikizira Mafotokozedwe a Phokoso la Magalimoto

Mafotokozedwe a phokoso la ma mota a zitseko zokha ndi ofunika pokhapokha ngati akugwirizana ndi miyeso.Chifukwa injini yomweyo imatha kupanga 35dB popanda katundu ndi 55dB ikadzaza kwathunthu, kufotokozera kwa “≤50dB” popanda kunena mtunda woyezera, momwe katundu amagwirira ntchito, liwiro la injini, ndi phokoso lozungulira sikokwanira kwenikweni ndipo kungasokeretse.

Njira yoyezera phokoso la galimoto imagwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera phokoso yolinganizidwa bwino yomwe ili pamtunda wodziwika bwino (nthawi zambiri mita imodzi) kuchokera ku galimotoyo, pamalo olamulidwa bwino (phokoso lakumbuyo pansi pa 30dB), ndipo galimotoyo ikugwira ntchito pa katundu wake wovomerezeka komanso liwiro lake. Muyesowo uyenera kugwiritsa ntchito A-weighting (dBA), yomwe imayerekeza momwe munthu amayankhira pafupipafupi kumva ndipo ndiye muyezo woyezera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malamulo a phokoso padziko lonse lapansi.

Miyezo yoyezera mulingo wa mawuFotokozani kuti miyeso ya phokoso iyenera kutengedwa pamalo opanda phokoso (osayang'ana malo mkati mwa mamita 3) kapena chipinda chopanda phokoso kuti muchotse phokoso lowonetsedwa. Mwachizolowezi, opanga zitseko zambiri zodziyimira pawokha amayesa phokoso m'chipinda chopanda phokoso (pansi powunikira, makoma onyowa ndi denga) zomwe zimatsanzira momwe injini imayikidwira pamwamba pa khomo lotseguka.

Kwa oyang'anira malo omwe akufotokoza zitseko zokha kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamalo chete, pemphani deta yotsatirayi ya phokoso kuchokera kwa wopanga: (1) phokoso la injini pa katundu ndi liwiro lovomerezeka, loyezedwa pa mita imodzi, (2) phokoso lonse la zitseko kuphatikizapo makina oyendetsa ndi kuyenda kwa zitseko, loyezedwa pa mita imodzi kuchokera potsegulira chitseko, ndi (3) deta ya phokoso yomwe ikuwonetsa kugawa kwa ma frequency (kuti mudziwe zigawo zilizonse za tonal zomwe zingakhale zokhumudwitsa kuposa phokoso la broadband pamlingo womwewo).

Kodi Mipata ya Phokoso Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji ku Malo Osiyana Okhala Chete?

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malowa ili ndi malire osiyanasiyana a phokoso kutengera ntchito yawo komanso momwe anthu okhalamo amamvera.Kumvetsetsa malire awa kumathandiza oyang'anira malo kuti atchule kuchuluka kwa phokoso la injini pa ntchito iliyonsem'malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yokwanira zonse yomwe ingatchule mopitirira muyeso (kuwonjezera mtengo) kapena kutchula moperewera (kupanga madandaulo a phokoso).

Malaibulale a anthu onse: phokoso loyenera kukhala m'malo owerengera ndi 35-40dB, ndipo zipinda zophunzirira zimafuna 30-35dB. Ma injini odzitsekera okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu laibulale sayenera kupitirira 5dB pamwamba pa phokoso lakumbuyo akayesedwa pamalo owerengera apafupi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzira kuti phokoso la injini ndi ≤45dB pa mita imodzi.

Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi malo owonetsera zinthu zakale: phokoso loyenera kukhala pakati pa 35-45dB kutengera mtundu wa malo owonetsera zinthu zakale. Malo owonetsera zinthu zakale (zaluso zamakono, malo osinkhasinkha) amafunika phokoso lochepa kuposa malo owonetsera zinthu zakale kapena malo olowera.Malangizo a OSHA okhudza phokosolembani ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale omwe amakhala ndi phokoso la zitseko kwa maola 8 patsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malire a 85dB pa ntchito ya TWA ya maola 8 (avereji yoyezedwa ndi nthawi).

Zipatala ndi malo osamalira odwala: Zipinda za odwala zimafuna phokoso lozungulira pansi pa 35dB usiku ndi pansi pa 40dB masana, malinga ndi malangizo a WHO. Ma injini odzipangira okha m'makonde a zipatala pafupi ndi zipinda za odwala ayenera kufotokoza ≤45dB kuti phokoso likhalebe lokwanira. Zipinda zogwirira ntchito ndi madera a ICU ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zosakwana 30dB, zomwe zimafuna ma injini a zitseko okhala ndi phokoso lochepera 40dB.

Ma laboratories ofufuza: ma laboratories omwe amamva phokoso (zipinda zoyesera mawu, zipinda zoyera zopangira ma semiconductor, ndi ma laboratories optical) angafunike phokoso lozungulira pansi pa 25dB, zomwe zimakankhira zofunikira za injini ya zitseko zokha kufika pa ≤35dB — mulingo womwe ungatheke pokhapokha ndi mapangidwe a injini zopanda burashi zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri.

Momwe Kapangidwe ka Zitseko Zokha Zimakhudzira Kutulutsa Phokoso Lonse

Injini ndi gawo limodzi lokha la phokoso lonse la makina odzipangira okha.Chifukwa makina oyendetsera galimoto, tsamba la chitseko, ndi kapangidwe kake zonse zimathandiza kuti phokoso lonse likhale lomveka bwino, tsatanetsatane wa phokoso la dongosolo uyenera kuwerengera magwero onse, osati injini yokha.

Njira yoyendetsera galimoto (lamba, giya, kapena unyolo) imatumiza kuzungulira kwa injini ku tsamba la chitseko. Ma drive a lamba ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri chifukwa lamba wa rabara kapena polyurethane amayamwa kugwedezeka ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa phokoso. Ma drive a giya amakhala ndi phokoso kwambiri chifukwa cha phokoso la ma mesh a giya, makamaka nthawi yomwe dzino limalowa. Ma drive a unyolo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ndipo si yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo chete. Woyendetsa chitseko chotsikira cha YF150 amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera lamba yomwe imawonjezera 2-3dB yokha ku phokoso la injini, ndikusunga phokoso lonse la makinawo pansi pa 50dB.

Tsamba la chitseko limapanga phokoso kudzera mu kusuntha kwa mpweya ("whoosh" ya mpweya wokankhidwa ndi chitseko choyenda) ndi kukangana kwa track (phokoso la ma hanger rollers akuyenda m'mbali mwa njanji). Phokoso la kusuntha kwa mpweya limagwirizana ndi liwiro la chitseko ndipo kusiyana pakati pa tsamba la chitseko ndi chimango - liwiro lochepa komanso mipata yolimba zimapangitsa phokoso lochepa. Phokoso la kukangana kwa track limadalira zinthu zozungulira (ma rollers a nayiloni ndi odekha kuposa ma rollers achitsulo) komanso momwe pamwamba pa njanji palili (njanji yosalala, yopaka mafuta imapanga phokoso lochepa kuposa njanji youma kapena youma).

Kapangidwe ka malo oikirako kakhoza kukulitsa kapena kuchepetsa phokoso la injini ndikuyendetsa phokoso. Mota yoyikidwa mwachindunji ku chimango cholimba chachitsulo imatumiza kugwedezeka bwino, zomwe zitha kukulitsa phokoso pamalo oikirako. Kuyika zomangira zodzipatula za rabara pakati pa mota ndi chimango kumachepetsa kufalikira kwa kugwedezeka ndi 10-20dB, zomwe zikutanthauza kuchepetsa phokoso ndi 50-75% pamalo omvetsera. Ogwiritsa ntchito zitseko zodziyimira pawokha abwino amaphatikizapo zomangira zodzipatula za kugwedezeka ngati zida wamba.

Momwe Mungayesere Ogulitsa Magalimoto Odzipangira Pakhomo Pa Ntchito Zofunika Kwambiri ndi Phokoso

Kusankha wogulitsa zitseko zodziyimira zokha pa ntchito zofunikira pa phokoso kumafuna kutsimikizira kupitirira zomwe zafalitsidwa.Chifukwa magwiridwe antchito a phokoso amakhudzidwa ndi khalidwe la kupanga, kulondola kwa msonkhano, komanso kusinthasintha kwa zigawo zake., ma mota awiri okhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana amatha kupanga phokoso losiyana kwambiri m'munda.

Zofunikira pakuyesa kwa ogulitsa ndi izi: malipoti oyesa phokoso ochokera ku ma laboratories ovomerezeka a acoustic (osati deta yamkati ya wopanga), kuyesa zitsanzo pamalo enieni a malo (mlingo wa phokoso umasiyana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili), kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa kupanga (kupempha deta yoyesa phokoso kuchokera ku malo angapo opangira kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika), ndi mfundo za chitsimikizo zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a phokoso (wogulitsa yemwe akutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a phokoso kwa zaka 2-5 amasonyeza chidaliro mu malonda ake).

Zogulitsa zodzitsekera zokha za BeifanZapangidwira ntchito zamalonda ndi mabungwe komwe phokoso limakhala lofunika kwambiri. Mota ya DC ya YF150 ya 24V 60W yopanda burashi imayikidwa kuti igwire ntchito ya ≤50dB, yokhala ndi microprocessor control yanzeru yomwe imasintha liwiro la mota ndi ma profiles othamanga kuti ichepetse phokoso panthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka. Dongosolo lodzilamulira lodziphunzira lokha limasintha kulemera kwa chitseko ndi mikhalidwe ya track mkati mwa magawo 50 oyamba ogwirira ntchito, ndikukonza liwiro la profile kuti likhale ndi phokoso lochepa pomwe likusunga nthawi yotsegulira yomwe yaikidwa.

Momwe Machitidwe Okonza Amakhudzira Kugwira Ntchito kwa Phokoso la Nthawi Yaitali kwa Ma Motors Odzipangira Pakhomo

Phokoso limachepa pakapita nthawi ngati makina odzipangira okha zitseko sakusamalidwa bwino.Chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa mabeya, kupsinjika kwa lamba kumasintha, ndi kuipitsidwa kwa njanji kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa phokoso ndi 5-15dB pazaka 3-5., pulogalamu yodzitetezera ndiyofunikira kuti pakhalebe ≤50dB nthawi yonse ya ntchito ya dongosololi.

Kukonza mwezi uliwonse pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri pa phokoso: kuyang'ana lamba m'maso kuti muwone ngati lawonongeka, ming'alu, kapena glazing; onani kupsinjika kwa lamba (lamba womasuka amamenyana ndi pulley, zomwe zimapangitsa phokoso losakhazikika); yeretsani pamwamba pa njanji kuti muchotse fumbi ndi zinyalala zomwe zimawonjezera phokoso la roller; ndikutsimikizira kuti mabotolo oyika injini ndi olimba (mabotolo omasuka amalola kugwedezeka).

Kukonza kotala lililonse: Pakani mafuta pa mabearing a track ndi roller ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi silicone (pewani mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta omwe amakoka fumbi); yang'anani mabearing a mota kuti muwone ngati akusewera kapena ayi (kulephera kwa bearing koyambirira kumaonekera ngati phokoso lopera kapena lolira); ndikutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa phokoso pogwiritsa ntchito mita yoyezera mawu kuti mudziwe kusuntha kulikonse kuchokera muyeso woyambira womwe watengedwa pakukhazikitsa.

Kukonza pachaka: kuyeza phokoso lonse pa liwiro logwira ntchito ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana; kusintha lamba ngati zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito zikuwonongeka kwambiri; kusintha ma bearing a mota ngati kuchuluka kwa phokoso kwawonjezeka ndi kupitirira 5dB kuchokera pagawo loyambira; ndi kukonzanso makina owongolera kuti zitsimikizire liwiro labwino kwambiri kuti phokoso likhale lochepa.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri