Kugwirizana kwa wowerenga khadi ndi ogwiritsira ntchito zitseko zokha kumapambana kapena kutayika pa mfundo zitatu: protocol, wiring, ndi relay time. Chitani izi bwino ndipo kuphatikiza kumatenga mphindi 90 - zithetseni molakwika ndipo mudzathamangitsa kulephera kwakanthawi kwa milungu ingapo.

Chifukwa Chake Kuphatikizika kwa Access Control Kumalephera — Ndipo Chifukwa Chake Si Kawirikawiri Vuto la Wogwiritsa Ntchito Chitseko

Dzina langa ndine Edison, ndipo ndimayang'anira mafunso apadziko lonse a mapulojekiti ndi mayankho a OEM/ODM ku Ningbo Yufan Beifan Automatic Door Co., Ltd. Ndakhala ndikuthandiza ogulitsa ndi makasitomala ogula mapulojekiti kuphatikiza ogwiritsa ntchito zitseko zokha ndi machitidwe owongolera mwayi wopeza - owerenga makadi, ma scanner a biometric, makina olowera ma keypad, ndi mayunitsi otulutsira zitseko okhala ndi intercom. Panthawiyo, ndawona mavuto omwewo ophatikizana akubwerezabwereza m'mapulojekiti mazana ambiri, mosasamala kanthu kuti chowongolera mwayi ndi $200 HID EdgeReader kapena gulu la LenelS2 la $5,000.

Kachitidwe kake nthawi zonse kamakhala kofanana: wokhazikitsa amalumikiza chotulutsa cha wowerenga khadi ndi cholowetsa cha wogwiritsa ntchito chitseko. Chimagwira ntchito panthawi yoyambitsa. Patatha milungu itatu, chitseko chimalephera kutsegulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi pa chiphaso chovomerezeka - kapena choipa kwambiri, chimakhala chotseguka kwamuyaya. Mwini nyumbayo amadzudzula wogwiritsa ntchito chitseko. Katswiri wa zamakina amatumizidwa. Wogwiritsa ntchito chitseko amayesa bwino kwambiri payekha.Chifukwa vutoli limakhalapo nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo woyendetsa chitseko amadutsa njira iliyonse yodziwira matenda yokhayokha, chifukwa chake chomwe chimayambitsa - mawaya, njira, kapena kusagwirizana kwa nthawi pamalire olumikizirana - sichidziwika kwa milungu ingapo.

Ndikufuna kufotokoza momwe ndingapewere izi. Chotsatira ndi chitsogozo cholumikizira chomwe ndimatumiza kwa aliyense wokhazikitsa asanalumikize chowerengera khadi kuWoyendetsa chitseko chotsetsereka cha YF150 chodzipangira chokha— kapena woyendetsa zitseko aliyense wodzipangira yekha.Chifukwa mawonekedwe a chizindikiro pakati pa njira yolowera ndi makina odziyimira pawokha a zitseko ndi ofanana m'makampani onse., motero mfundo zomwe zili pano zikugwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za chipangizo cha wopanga chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito.

Ma Interfaces Atatu Ophatikizana: Protocol, Wiring, ndi Timeing

Kuphatikizika kwa wowerenga khadi aliyense kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito khomo kupita khomo kumaphatikizapo ma interface atatu osiyana. Onse ayenera kukhala olondola kuti dongosololi ligwire ntchito moyenera. Ndikambirana chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Chiyankhulo #1: Protocol — Wiegand vs. OSDP vs. RS-485

Ndondomekoyi imatsimikizira momwe wowerenga khadi amalankhulirana ndi wowongolera mwayi - komanso, kumapeto, momwe wowongolera mwayi amalembera woyendetsa chitseko kuti atsegule.Chifukwa Wiegand yakhala njira yodziwika bwino yowongolera mwayi kuyambira m'ma 1980, choncho pafupifupi 85% ya owerenga makadi omwe adayikidwa m'nyumba zamalonda amagwiritsabe ntchito Wiegand. Ndi njira yosavuta, yolunjika mbali imodzi: owerenga amatumiza deta ya chitsimikizo kwa wowongolera kudzera pa waya wa DATA0/DATA1. Wowongolera amatsimikizira chitsimikizocho ndikupereka mphamvu kuchokera ku relay output. Woyendetsa chitseko amawona kutsekedwa kwa relay ndikutsegula.

Kusavuta kwa Wiegand ndi mphamvu yake — ndi kufooka kwake. Imatumiza deta ya chiphaso m'malemba osavuta, ilibe kubisa, ndipo sipereka ndemanga kuchokera kwa wolamulira kupita kwa wowerenga. Ngati wowerenga wasokonezedwa kapena mawaya awonongeka, wolamulirayo sangadziwe. Ichi ndichifukwa chakeSIA(Bungwe la Makampani Oteteza) lapangidwaOSDP (Pulogalamu Yoyang'aniridwa ndi Chipangizo Chotseguka), yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito RS-485 yolumikizirana ndi mawaya awiri yokhala ndi AES-128 encryption ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi mbali ziwiri.

Kwa wogwirizanitsa zitseko, kusiyana kwa protocol ndikofunikira m'njira imodzi yeniyeni:Olamulira a OSDP amatha kunena momwe chitseko chilili kubwerera ku dongosolo lowongolera mwayiNgati woyendetsa chitseko ali ndi mphamvu yotulutsa sensa ya malo a chitseko (YF150 yathu ili nayo — chosinthira cha bango choyendetsedwa ndi maginito chomwe chimatseka chitseko chikafika pamalo otseguka kwathunthu), wowongolera wa OSDP amatha kuyang'anira ngati chitsekocho chatsegulidwadi pambuyo poti chiphaso chovomerezeka chaperekedwa. Ndi Wiegand, wowongolerayo amapatsa mphamvu relay ndipo amaganiza kuti chitseko chatsegulidwa — alibe njira yotsimikizira.

Chiyankhulo #2: Kulumikiza Mawaya — Kulumikizana Kouma, Kutulutsa Kwamagetsi, ndi Makonzedwe Atatu Okhazikika

Apa ndi pomwe ndimawona zolakwika zambiri za waya wa m'munda. Chotulutsa cha relay cha access controller ndi cholowetsa cha trigger cha operator chizigwirizana pa mtundu wa chizindikiro. Pali makonzedwe atatu okhazikika:

Kapangidwe A: Kukhudzana Kouma, Nthawi zambiri Kotseguka (AYI) — Muyezo Wapadziko Lonse.Chowongolera cholumikizira chimapereka kulumikizana kopanda magetsi komwe kumatseka kwakanthawi (nthawi zambiri masekondi 1-5) mukawerenga ziphaso zovomerezeka. Choyikira cha woyendetsa chitseko chimakonzedwa kuti chitseke cholumikizira chouma. Pamene cholumikizira chitsekedwa, woyendetsa chitseko amawona kutseka kwa cholumikizira ndipo amayambitsa kuzungulira kotseguka. Uwu ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pafupifupi 80% ya makonzedwe ndipo amathandizidwa ndi woyendetsa chitseko aliyense wodziyimira yekha amene ndakumanapo naye, kuphatikiza mitundu yonse muMndandanda wa zinthu za YFBF.

Mawaya ndi osavuta: ma conductor awiri kuchokera ku relay output ya access controller (NO ndi COM) kupita ku trigger input terminals ya operator door. Ndi zimenezo.Chifukwa relay imapereka galvanic legation pakati pa access controller ndi door operator, motero ma ground loops, kusalingana kwa ma voltage, ndi kulumikizana kwa phokoso lamagetsi — magwero atatu ofala kwambiri a kulephera kwa kuphatikizana kwakanthawi — amachotsedwa ndi kasinthidwe aka.

Kapangidwe B: Mphamvu Yotulutsa (12V kapena 24V DC).Olamulira ena olowera — makamaka mitundu yakale ndi makina ena olowera pogwiritsa ntchito intercom — amatulutsa chizindikiro choyendetsedwa ndi magetsi m'malo molumikizana ndi magetsi ouma. Mwachitsanzo, chowongoleracho chimagwiritsa ntchito 12V DC ku waya woyambitsa nthawi yonse yotsegula. Ngati woyendetsa chitseko wakonzedwa kuti alowetse magetsi ouma ndipo alandira chizindikiro choyendetsedwa ndi magetsi, zotsatira zake zimatha kuyambira pakugwira ntchito kwakanthawi mpaka kuwonongeka kosatha kwa dera lolowera. Ndasintha ma board atatu owongolera owongolera zitseko m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi chifukwa okhazikitsa adalumikiza chotulutsa choyendetsedwa ndi magetsi ku cholumikizira cholumikizira magetsi ouma popanda kuyang'ana magetsi.

Kapangidwe C: Kulephera / Kulephera ndi Kulephera ndi Alamu Yoyaka Moto.Mu nyumba zamalonda, makina ochenjeza moto ayenera kukhala okhoza kuletsa njira zolowera ndikukakamiza zitseko kuti zitseguke. Izi zimafuna choyimitsa china pa woyendetsa zitseko - malo olumikizirana ndi alamu yamoto (FAI) omwe, akapatsidwa mphamvu kapena atachotsedwa mphamvu (kutengera momwe zinthu zilili), amakakamiza chitseko kuti chitseguke ndikukhalabe chotseguka mpaka alamu yamoto itachoka.Chifukwa ma code a moto m'madera ambiri amafuna kuti zitseko zokha zizitseguka zokha alamu ya moto ikayamba kugwira ntchito., chifukwa chake mawaya a FAI ayenera kutsimikiziridwa panthawi yoyambitsa ntchito ndi mayeso enieni a alamu yamoto - osati kungoyang'ana kupitilizabe. Muyezo wa National Fire Protection AssociationNFPA 101Malamulo a Chitetezo cha Moyo amalamulira zofunikira izi ku United States, ndipo miyezo yofanana imagwiranso ntchito m'madera ena.

Chiyankhulo #3: Nthawi — Kuchuluka kwa Kugunda kwa Relay ndi Kutalika kwa Kugwira-Kutsegula

Chida cholumikizira nthawi (time interface) ndicho chinthu chomwe sichimaganiziridwa kwambiri pakuphatikiza njira zowongolera zofikira — ndipo ndicho chomwe chimapanga mafoni ambiri opereka chithandizo. Pali magawo awiri a nthawi omwe ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa:

Kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa relay controller:Umu ndi momwe relay ya wolamulira imakhalira yotsekedwa pambuyo powerenga chiphaso chovomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri zosintha za fakitale zimakhala masekondi 1, 3, 5, kapena 10 - ndipo mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala wokhazikika mu pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya wolamulira. Ngati m'lifupi mwa pulse ndi waufupi kwambiri, woyendetsa chitseko sangalembetse choyambitsa. YF150 yathu imafuna pulse yocheperako ya 100 milliseconds (masekondi 0.1), yomwe ili pansi kwambiri pa m'lifupi mwa pulse ya wolamulira weniweni - koma ndakumana ndi owongolera pomwe m'lifupi mwa pulse munayikidwa mwangozi kukhala 50 milliseconds panthawi ya pulogalamu, ndipo woyendetsa chitseko sanayankhepo.

Nthawi yotsegulira chitseko:Uwu ndi nthawi yomwe chitseko chimakhala chotseguka mutalandira chizindikiro choyambitsa, musanayambe kuzungulira kwake. Pa YF150 yathu, izi zimatha kusinthidwa kuyambira masekondi 0 mpaka 60 kudzera pa potentiometer pa bolodi lowongolera. Nthawi yoyenera yotsegulira imadalira momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito: masekondi 3-5 pa khomo lolowera ofesi komwe anthu amadutsa pa liwiro labwinobwino, masekondi 10-15 pa khomo lolowera anthu olumala paADAmalangizo, ndi masekondi 20-30 kuti zitseko za katundu kapena za chipatala zigwire ntchito pomwe ma gurney ndi ngolo zonyamulira zida zimafunika nthawi kuti zitseguke pamalire.

Chifukwa chakuti kugunda kwa relay kwa chowongolera chofikira ndi nthawi yotsegulira ya woyendetsa chitseko zimayikidwa paokha komanso nthawi zambiri ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana., chifukwa chake ndikupangira kulemba makonda onse awiri mu lipoti loyambitsa ndikuyika chizindikiro mkati mwa nyumba ya woyendetsa zitseko. Pamene kuyitana kwautumiki kubwera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake — "chitseko chimakhala chotseguka kwa nthawi yayitali" kapena "chitseko sichimatsegulidwa nthawi zonse mukadina baji yoyamba" — katswiriyo amatha kuwona makonda olembedwawo poyerekeza ndi momwe alili pakali pano pasanathe mphindi ziwiri.

Chilolezo cha Ma Wiring: Kulumikiza YF150 ku Common Access Controllers

Ndikufuna kupereka njira yeniyeni yolumikizira mawaya kwa woyendetsa wathu wa YF150, chifukwa ndimayankha mafunso awa sabata iliyonse. Bolodi yowongolera ya YF150 ili ndi block yapadera yolowera ya trigger yokhala ndi maulumikizidwe olembedwa bwino:

• TSEGULANI— Yambitsani kulowetsa kwa chizindikiro chotseguka cha chitseko (kutseka kouma pakati pa OPEN ndi GND)
• GND— Chizindikiro cha malo
• Tsekani— Kutulutsa kwa loko yotsekera chitseko (kumalimbikitsidwa chitseko chikatsekedwa, kuti chiphatikizidwe ndi loko yamagetsi)
• FAI— Kulowetsa kwa mawonekedwe a alamu ya moto (kumapangitsa chitseko kutseguka chikayambitsidwa)
• POS— Chotulutsa cha sensa ya malo a chitseko (chosinthira bango, chotsekedwa chitseko chikatsegulidwa kwathunthu)

Kuti pakhale njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana ndi njira yolumikizirana youma, mawaya amapangidwa ndi ma conductor awiri:chowongolera NO → YF150 OPEN, chowongolera COM → YF150 GND.Imeneyo ndiye chithunzi chonse cha mawaya a 80% ya makonzedwe.

Pazoyika zomwe zimafuna kuphatikiza alamu yozimitsa moto, lumikizani kutulutsa kwa relay ya gulu lowongolera alamu yozimitsa moto ku terminal ya YF150 FAI. Relay ya alamu yozimitsa moto ikatsekedwa (kapena kutsegulidwa, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili), YF150 imakakamiza chitseko kuti chitseguke ndikuzimitsa ntchito yotseka yokha mpaka vuto la alamu yozimitsa moto litathetsedwa.Chifukwa mawaya a alamu ya moto ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi yolondola — waya wosweka uyenera kuyambitsa chizindikiro cha cholakwika pa bolodi la alamu ya moto., chifukwa chake kulumikizana kwa FAI kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira kotsutsa kumapeto kwa mzere (EOL) malinga ndi kapangidwe ka makina a alamu yozimitsa moto. Ndikupangira kuti mugwirizanitse mawaya awa ndi kontrakitala wa alamu yozimitsa moto panthawi yogwira ntchito, osati woyendetsa chitseko atayikidwa.

Zochitika Zovuta Zomwe Zimachitika Kawirikawiri Ndi Zomwe Zimayambitsa

Kwa zaka zambiri, ndasonkhanitsa deta ya m'maganizo ya kulephera kwa kulumikizana kwa access control ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Nazi zochitika zinayi zomwe ndimawona pafupipafupi:

Chizindikiro: Chitseko chimatseguka ngati pali zilembo zina koma zina sizimatseguka.Choyambitsa chachikulu ndi phokoso lamagetsi pa waya wa choyimbira — makamaka ngati chingwe cha choyimbira chikuyenda molingana ndi waya wamagetsi a AC kwa mamita opitilira 3.Chifukwa chakuti choyikira cha YF150 chimazindikira m'mphepete (chimazindikira kusintha kuchokera ku dera lotseguka kupita ku dera lotsekedwa), motero phokoso lalikulu pa mzere woyambitsa lingatanthauzidwe ngati choyambitsa chovomerezeka - kapena, nthawi zambiri, chingabise choyambitsa chenicheni. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chotetezedwa pa waya woyambitsa, ndi waya wotulutsira chishango wolumikizidwa pansi kumapeto kwa chowongolera chokha. Kapenanso, ngati kulumikizanso mawaya sikungatheke, onjezani capacitor ya ceramic ya 0.1 µF kudutsa ma terminals a OPEN ndi GND pa opareshoni ya chitseko kuti musefe phokoso lapamwamba.

Chizindikiro: Chitseko chimatsegulidwa mwachizolowezi koma sichimatsekedwa.Yang'anani kaye nthawi yoti muyimitse kuti igwire ntchito. Ngati yayikidwa pamlingo wapamwamba (masekondi 60 pa YF150 yathu), chepetsani kufika pamtengo woyenera wa pulogalamuyo. Ngati nthawiyo yayikidwa bwino ndipo chitseko sichikutsekabe, yang'anani chizindikiro chogwira ntchito cha sensa yachitetezo.Chifukwa chakuti sensa ya YF150 yoteteza imaletsa kutseka kwa magetsi — ngati sensayo yapeza cholepheretsa, chitseko sichidzatseka mosasamala kanthu za nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa., chifukwa chake sensa yotetezeka yolakwika kapena yodetsedwa ndiyo chifukwa chachiwiri chofala kwambiri cha kuyitana kwa "chitseko sichingatseke". Tsukani magalasi a sensa ndi isopropyl alcohol ndikutsimikizira kuti akugwirizana ndi chowunikira kapena cholandirira.

Chizindikiro: Chitseko chimatseguka nthawi yomweyo mukachiyatsa popanda kuŵerenga baji.Izi nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza kuti mawaya olowera a trigger ndi afupikitsidwa — kaya screw yokhazikika kapena drywall yalowa mu chingwe, kapena relay ya access controller yatsekedwa. Chotsani mawaya oyambitsa pa YF150 terminal block. Ngati chitseko chasiya kutseguka mukayambitsa, vuto lili mu access controller kapena mawaya. Ngati chitseko chikupitiriza kutseguka mukayambitsa ndi mawaya oyambitsa atatsekedwa, bolodi lowongolera la YF150 lili ndi vuto — funsani gulu lathu lothandizira zaukadaulo.Chifukwa cholowetsa choyambitsa chofupikitsidwa chimakhala chofanana ndi chizindikiro choyambitsa chovomerezeka chamagetsi, motero woyendetsa chitseko sangathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa ziwirizi — ndipo njira yokhayo yopezera cholakwika ndikuchotsa mawaya oyambitsa chitseko ndikuyesa gawo lililonse padera.

Chizindikiro: Kugwira ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi komwe kumagwirizana ndi nyengo.Ndimaona izi nthawi zambiri m'makhomo akunja komwe chowongolera cholowera chimayikidwa mu vestibule yosatenthedwa.Chifukwa kuzizira kumachitika pa kulumikizana kwa relay pamene mpweya wofunda komanso wonyowa umakumana ndi malo ozizira achitsulo., motero kulumikizana kwa ma relay mu ma controller okhazikika panja kumatha kukhala ndi okosijeni wotsutsa kwambiri womwe umapangitsa kutseka kwa kulumikizana kwakanthawi. Chofunikira ndikusankha ma access controller okhala ndi ma relay otsekedwa, odzazidwa ndi mpweya (otsekedwa ndi hermetically) kuti akhazikitsidwe panja, kapena kukhazikitsa chotenthetsera chaching'ono choyendetsedwa ndi thermostat kuti chowongoleracho chikhale pamwamba pa mame.

Kutsimikizira Zamtsogolo: Kukonzekera Kuphatikiza Kwanu Kuwongolera Kufikira kwa OSDP ndi Zikalata Zam'manja

Anthu ofufuza za polojekitiyi amandifunsa mafunso ambiri kuti: "Kodi tiyenerabe kuyika owerenga a Wiegand, kapena tiyenera kutsimikizira mtsogolo ndi OSDP?" Yankho langa limadalira nthawi ya polojekitiyi komanso zofunikira zachitetezo cha nyumbayo.

Ngati nyumbayo itsegulidwa m'miyezi 12 ikubwerayi ndipo chitetezo chili chosavuta — kupeza baji ya antchito nthawi yantchito, palibe zofunikira pakuwunika kupitirira nthawi yoyambira ndi kupezekapo — Wiegand akadali chisankho chovomerezeka. Zipangizozi ndizotsika mtengo, katswiri aliyense wowongolera mwayi wolowera amadziwa momwe angaziyikire, ndipo zimagwira ntchito modalirika ndi woyendetsa zitseko aliyense wodziyimira pawokha pamsika.

Komabe, ngati pulojekitiyi ili ndi nthawi ya miyezi 24, ngati mfundo zachitetezo zimafuna kulumikizana kobisika, kapena ngati mwini nyumbayo akufuna kuthandizira ziphaso zam'manja (zolowera pafoni kudzera pa NFC kapena Bluetooth), ndikulimbikitsa kwambiri kutchula OSDP.Chifukwa owerenga ndi owongolera a OSDP amagwirizana ndi mawaya a Wiegand — chingwe chomwecho cha ma conductor anayi chomwe chimanyamula Wiegand chikhoza kuthetsedwanso pa OSDP RS-485, chifukwa chake ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika mawaya ndi zofanana. Kusiyana kwa mtengo kuli mu hardware yowerengera ndi yowongolera, zomwe zikuchepa: Owerenga a OSDP tsopano amawononga pafupifupi 15-25% kuposa owerenga ofanana a Wiegand, kuchokera pa 40-50% zaka zitatu zapitazo.

Kumbali ya woyendetsa zitseko, kuphatikiza sikusintha. Kaya chowongolera chofikira chikulankhula za Wiegand kapena OSDP, chimatulutsabe kutseka kwa relay yolumikizana kuti chiyambitse woyendetsa zitseko. Kutseka kwa relay kumeneko ndi kofanana ndi magetsi mosasamala kanthu za njira yopitira patsogolo.Chifukwa woyendetsa chitseko amangowona kutulutsa kwa relay — osati protocol, chifukwa chake kusankha kwanu Wiegand vs. OSDP sikukhudza kugwirizana kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zitseko. Ili ndi funso lomwe ndimayankha nthawi zambiri, ndipo yankho nthawi zonse limakhala lofanana: wogwiritsa ntchito zitseko sasamala.