Ogwiritsa ntchito zitseko zotsetsereka zolimba kwambiri omwe adavotera mapanelo a zitseko a 2x250kg okhala ndi ma mota a DC opanda maburashi a 24V/120W amapereka makina odziyimira pawokha, odalirika, komanso osakonza bwino omwe malo osungiramo katundu ambiri amafunikira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Chifukwa Chake Malo Osungiramo Zinthu Zosungiramo Zinthu Ndiwo Mayeso Ovuta Kwambiri kwa Ogwira Ntchito Pakhomo

Chitseko cholowetsa katundu m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu pamalo otanganidwa ogawa katundu chimatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa nthawi 200-400 patsiku — ndiko kuti, ma cycle 70,000 mpaka 140,000 pachaka. Kuzungulira kulikonse kumapangitsa woyendetsa chitseko kukhala ndi katundu wathunthu wamakina: fulumizitsani chitseko kuchoka pa zero kufika pafupifupi mamita 0.3-0.5 pa sekondi, sungani liwiro losalekeza mukamadutsa, chepetsani liwiro mpaka kuyima, ndikuyima motsutsana ndi kupanikizika kwa mphepo, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuchokera ku machitidwe a HVAC, komanso ma bumps osapeŵeka ochokera ku magalimoto a forklift. Ogwiritsa ntchito zitseko zambiri zamalonda amapangidwira ma cycle 20-50 patsiku m'malo ogulitsira kapena kuofesi. Ikani chimodzi mwa izo pamalo olowetsa katundu m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu, ndipo chidzalephera mkati mwa miyezi 6-12 — ndawona izi zikuchitika nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe ndingawerengere.

Dzina langa ndine Edison, ndipo monga Woyang'anira Malonda ku Ningbo Yufan Beifan Automatic Door Co., ndimagwira ntchito ndi oyang'anira mafakitale, okonza malo oyendetsera zinthu, ndi ophatikiza zitseko m'maiko opitilira 30 kuti nditchule ogwiritsa ntchito zitseko omwe angapulumuke m'malo ovuta awa. Mfundo imodzi yomwe imasiyanitsa woyendetsa zitseko wa mafakitale woyenera ndi yemwe angakhale vuto lalikulu pakukonza ndi ukadaulo wa mota - makamaka, ngati mota imagwiritsa ntchito maburashi a kaboni posintha kapena kuwongolera zamagetsi. Kusiyana kwa moyo wautumiki pakati pa matekinoloje awiriwa kumayesedwa m'magawo angapo, osati maperesenti, ndipo kumatanthauza mwachindunji mtengo wonse wa umwini pa moyo wautumiki wa chitseko wa zaka 15-20.

Potsatira malamulo, ogwira ntchito zokhoma zitseko zamafakitale akuluakulu ayenera kukwaniritsaMiyezo ya chitetezo cha makina ya ISOzitseko zoyendera anthu oyenda pansi ndi mafakitale, komansoMalangizo a SAE oyendetsera zinthu zamafakitalezomwe zimafotokozera kuchepetsa mphamvu, kuzindikira zopinga, ndi zofunikira pakutuluka mwadzidzidzi. Voltage yogwira ntchito ya 24V imapangitsa kuti kutsatira malangizo achitetezo otsika kwambiri kukhale kosavuta — makina a 24V akhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi njira zodziwika bwino zolumikizira mawaya otsika m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chotetezedwa ndi waya ndi chingwe chachitsulo chofunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zitseko zamagetsi.

Magalimoto Opanda Brush ndi Brushed: Chisankho cha Ukadaulo Chomwe Chimatanthauzira Moyo wa Utumiki

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi burashi ndi komwe kusintha kwa magetsi kumachitika - ndipo kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwa aliyense amene akufotokoza woyendetsa zitseko kuti agwiritse ntchito mafakitale ambiri. Mu mota yopangidwa ndi burashi, maburashi a kaboni amakanikiza pa commutator yozungulira yamkuwa kuti asinthe njira yamagetsi mu windings ya rotor pamene mota ikuzungulira. Kukhudzana kumeneku kwa makina kumapangitsa kukangana, kugwedezeka kwamagetsi pakati pa burashi ndi magawo opangidwa ndi burashi, komanso kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono - maburashiwo amaphwanyika ndi kuzungulira kulikonse, ndikupanga fumbi la kaboni lomwe limadetsa zigawo zamkati za mota. Mota yopangidwa ndi burashi mu woyendetsa zitseko yomwe imagwira ma cycles 80,000 pachaka nthawi zambiri imafunika kusintha burashi pa maola 3,000-5,000, kapena pafupifupi zaka 2-3 zilizonse mu ntchito yosungiramo katundu.

Mota ya DC yopanda burashi imachotsa maburashi ndi commutator kwathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito electronic commutation — microprocessor mu motor controller imasinthira magetsi kudzera mu stator windings motsatizana bwino, ndikupanga mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira yomwe imakoka rotor ya maginito yokhazikika mozungulira. Palibe kukhudzana kwa makina, palibe kukangana, palibe arcing, palibe tinthu tomwe timawonongeka, komanso palibe kuipitsidwa kwa fumbi la carbon. Zinthu zokha zomwe zimawonongeka ndi ma bearing a mpira otsekedwa omwe amathandizira rotor shaft, omwe amawerengedwa kuti ndi maola 20,000-30,000 pa katundu ndi liwiro lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi woyendetsa zitseko. Mwachidule, mota yopanda burashi yomwe imayikidwa mu woyendetsa zitseko za nyumba yosungiramo katundu masiku ano idzakhala ikugwirabe ntchito bwino pamene chitsekocho chifika kumapeto kwa moyo wake wautumiki ndipo chikufunika kusinthidwa.

Mafotokozedwe a 24V/120W akuyenera kufotokozedwa, chifukwa ma watts 120 akuoneka kuti ndi ochepa posuntha chitseko cha 500 kg. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chochepetsera nyongolotsi cha helical chomwe chili ndi chiŵerengero cha 15:1, chomwe chimasintha 3,000 RPM ya injini kukhala liwiro la 200 RPM lofunikira kuti chitseko chiziyenda bwino komanso molamulidwa. Kuchepetsa ma giya kumachulukitsa mphamvu ya injini pafupifupi nthawi 12-14 (kuwerengera mphamvu ya magiya ya 85-90% mu seti ya magiya a nyongolotsi), kusintha mphamvu ya 0.38 Nm ya injini ya 120W kukhala pafupifupi 4.5-5.0 Nm pa shaft yotulutsa magiya. Mphamvu yotulutsa iyi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu giya ya pinion yokhala ndi chogwirira cha mano pagawo la chitseko, imapanga mphamvu yolunjika yofunikira kuti ifulumizitse kulemera kwa chitseko chogawidwa cha 500 kg pa 0.3 m/s sikweya - kuthamanga kosalala, kolamulidwa komwe kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lonse la zitseko.

Kapangidwe ka giya lozungulira mkati mwa bokosi la giya kamapereka ubwino wina woposa kuchuluka kwa torque: kamachepetsa phokoso logwira ntchito ndi 10-15 dB poyerekeza ndi ma transmission a giya odulidwa molunjika. Pa malo osungira katundu omwe chitseko chimagwira ntchito nthawi 300 patsiku mkati mwa ogwira ntchito otumiza ndi kulandira, kuchepetsa phokoso kumeneku kumasintha chitseko kuchoka pa kusokonezeka komveka kupita ku phokoso lakumbuyo lomwe antchito amasiya kuzindikira pambuyo pa sabata yoyamba yogwira ntchito. Kapangidwe kophatikizidwa - mota, bokosi la giya, ndi sensa ya Hall-effect pamalo amodzi okhala ndi IP54 - kumachotsanso njira yolumikizirana pakati pa zigawo zosiyana za injini ndi bokosi la giya zomwe zimapangitsa gawo lalikulu la nthawi yoyika mu makina ogwiritsira ntchito zitseko wamba.

Kugawa Kulemera kwa Paneli ya Zitseko: Chifukwa Chake 2x250kg Ndi Yofunika Pakupanga Kukhazikitsa

Kutchula mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchito ngati 2x250kg m'malo mwa chifaniziro chimodzi cha 500kg kukuwonetsa momwe zitseko zotsetsereka zamafakitale zimakhalira. Zitseko zambiri zonyamula katundu m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu zimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a magawo awiri - mapanelo awiri omwe amatsetsereka pakati - ndi gulu lililonse lolemera 200-300 kg ndipo limakwera pa ma hanger rollers akeake ndi gawo lake la njira yomangira. Chiwerengero cha 2x250kg chimatanthauza kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adapangidwa kuti aziyendetsa mapanelo onse awiri nthawi imodzi kudzera mu dongosolo loyendetsa lamba logwirizana, ndipo gulu lililonse limayika katundu wokwana 250 kg pa kulumikizana kwake kwa drive. Kapangidwe kameneka kamachepetsa katundu wokhazikika pa kapangidwe ka nyumbayo, kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma profiles wamba a njira yoyendetsera zitseko, komanso kumapereka kuchepetsedwa kwa magwiridwe antchito - ngati gulu limodzi ladzaza chifukwa cha zinyalala munjira, makina a clutch amachotsa drive ya gululo pomwe gulu lina nthawi zambiri limatha kusunthidwa pamanja kuti lituluke mwadzidzidzi.

Chitseko chotchingira chotchingira chotchingira chotchingira chotchingira chotalika mamita atatu m'lifupi ndi mamita anayi m'litali, chopangidwa ndi mapanelo a sandwich odzazidwa ndi polyurethane okwana 40mm ndipo cholimbikitsidwa ndi chimango chachitsulo chozungulira, chimalemera pafupifupi 180-220 kg kutengera geji yachitsulo ndi kuchuluka kwa insulation. Mapanelo awiri oterewa omwe ali mu dongosolo logawanitsa amakhala 360-440 kg, zomwe zili mkati mwa rating ya 2x250kg yokhala ndi malire omasuka a 10-28%. Malire awa amalola kukweza kwa mphepo (komwe kumawonjezera mphamvu ya 200-300 N pa panelo ya 12 m² mu mphepo ya 50 km/h), kuchulukana pang'ono kwa ayezi m'malo ozizira, komanso kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa kukana kugwedezeka pamene mafuta olowera pakhomo akuchepa pakati pa nthawi yokonza.Kabukhu ka ogwiritsa ntchito zitseko za YFBFimaphatikizapo matebulo owerengera katundu mwatsatanetsatane kuti atsimikizire kuti kasinthidwe ka gulu la zitseko, kuphatikiza mtundu wa njanji ndi momwe zinthu zilili, zili mkati mwa mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo.

Njira Zabwino Kwambiri Zokhazikitsira Ogwira Ntchito Zolimba Pakhomo

Cholakwika chimodzi chomwe ndimakumana nacho kwambiri pakuyika - komanso kutengera momwe gulu lathu lothandizira laukadaulo limagwirira ntchito, chimayambitsa pafupifupi 35% ya mavuto onse omwe amabwera pambuyo poyika - ndi kupsinjika kwa lamba kosayenera pakati pa chotulutsira cha woyendetsa ndi choyikira cha drive cha panel ya chitseko. Lamba wa nthawi yomwe imatumiza mphamvu kuchokera kwa woyendetsa kupita kuchitseko iyenera kulumikizidwa molingana ndi zomwe wopanga adalemba, zomwe kwa woyendetsa wa YF150 ndi 120-150 N ya kupsinjika kosasinthasintha pa lamba wa HTD-profile wa 15mm m'lifupi. Malamba osakakamizidwa bwino amadumpha mano panthawi yofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitseko chigwedezeke, chiyime, kapena kuyimitsa pakati pa ulendo - cholakwika chomwe wowongolera chitseko amachiwona ngati cholepheretsa, chomwe chimayambitsa kutembenuka kosafunikira. Malamba opsinjika kwambiri amaika katundu wambiri wa radial pa ma bearing a shaft otuluka a mota, kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa ma bearing komanso kuchepetsa moyo wautumiki ndi 50% kapena kuposerapo.

Kukanikiza kolondola kungatsimikizidwe ndi mayeso osavuta opindika omwe safuna zida zapadera. Ikani mphamvu ya pafupifupi 20 N (pafupifupi kulemera kwa kulemera kwa 2 kg) pakati pa lamba wautali kwambiri wosachirikizidwa. Lamba liyenera kupindika 8-10 mm kuti likhale ndi kutalika kwa 300 mm. Ngati kupindika kupitirira 10 mm, onjezerani mphamvu. Ngati kupindika kuli pansi pa 5 mm, chepetsani mphamvu. Kuwunikaku kwa masekondi 30, komwe kumachitika poyika ndikutsimikiziridwa pakatha miyezi itatu ndi miyezi 12, kumapewa mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito a lamba.

Kukhazikitsa magetsi ndi kosavuta chifukwa cha magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito a 24V. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amafuna magetsi amodzi a 24V DC omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya 150W (omwe amapereka 25% kuposa mphamvu ya injini ya 120W), kulumikizana ndi makina owongolera zitseko kudzera mu ma inputs ouma-contact relay kuti atsegule/kutseka/kuyimitsa, ndi kulumikizana ndi dera la sensa yachitetezo - ma photocell kapena m'mphepete mwa chitetezo chomwe chimazindikira zopinga ndikuyambitsa nthawi yomweyo kuyimitsa ndi kubwerera. Chifukwa chilichonse chimagwira ntchito pa 24V, mawaya onse am'munda amatha kugwira ntchito mu ngalande ya PVC yokhazikika kapena ngakhale ma tray a chingwe owonekera, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa ngalande yachitsulo, mabokosi olumikizirana omwe sawononga nyengo, ndi kusaina kwa akatswiri amagetsi omwe ali ndi chilolezo chomwe chimafuna kuyika kwa zitseko zamagetsi. Pa kukhazikitsa kwachizolowezi kwa malo osungiramo katundu okhala ndi zitseko zinayi, ndalama zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 24V zokha nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa USD 800 ndi USD 1,500 poyerekeza ndi njira zina zamagetsi.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati woyendetsa chitseko cha 2x250kg ali ndi kukula koyenera malinga ndi momwe chitseko changa chilili?

Werengerani kulemera konse kwa makina anu a zitseko powerengera kulemera kwa gulu la zitseko (kuchokera ku zomwe wopanga amapanga kapena kuwerengera kuchokera ku miyeso ya gulu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu), kulemera kwa ma hanger rollers ndi ma mounting brackets (nthawi zambiri 5-10 kg pa gulu lililonse), ndi zololeza zolemetsa zachilengedwe. Pa zitseko zakunja, onjezani 10-15% ya mphamvu ya mphepo - gulu la 3m x 4m mu 50 km/h mphepo imakumana ndi mphamvu yowonjezera ya 200-300 N yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kugonjetsa. Pakuyika nyengo yozizira, onjezani 5% kuti ayezi azitha kusonkhana. Ngati katundu wowerengedwa pa gulu lililonse uli mkati mwa 80% ya mulingo wa 250kg (200 kg), wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali ndi malire okwanira. Ngati ali pamwamba pa 90% (225 kg), ganizirani wogwiritsa ntchito wamkulu kapena wopepuka - mapanelo okhala ndi khungu la aluminiyamu okhala ndi polyurethane thovu cores amalemera pafupifupi 40% zochepa kuposa mapanelo ofanana ndi achitsulo.

Kodi n’chiyani chimasiyanitsa mota ya YF150 yopanda maburashi ndi mota zina za zitseko za 24V?

YF150 imaphatikiza mota ya DC yopanda brushless, chochepetsera helical worm gear, ndi Hall-effect rotor position sensor mu nyumba imodzi yotsekedwa ya IP54 - kuchotsa njira yolumikizirana pakati pa zigawo zosiyana za mota ndi gearbox zomwe zimapangitsa gawo lalikulu la ntchito yoyika. Sensor ya Hall-effect imapereka mayankho olondola a rotor position kwa wowongolera mota, zomwe zimathandiza kuti liwiro losalala komanso ma profiles a deceleration achepetse kugwedezeka kwa makina ku chitseko ndi dongosolo la track ndi 30-40% poyerekeza ndi sensorless motor control. Kapangidwe ka helical gear kamagwira ntchito pansi pa 50 dB - chete mokwanira kuti ogwira ntchito m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu omwe amagwira ntchito mkati mwa mamita 5 kuchokera kwa woyendetsa chitseko amatha kukambirana mwachizolowezi popanda kukweza mawu awo. Pulley ya zinc alloy synchronous mu drive train imayamwa kugwedezeka ndikukana kukalamba, zomwe zimathandizira kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi wogwiritsa ntchitoyo angaphatikizidwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka nyumba ndi machitidwe achitetezo?

Chida chowongolera chokhazikika chimalandira zolowetsa zouma kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito potsegula, kutseka, ndi kuyimitsa - zimagwirizana ndi malo osindikizira mabatani, ma switch a kiyi, masensa oyenda, ma loops ozindikira magalimoto, ndi zotulutsa zotumizira kuchokera ku kasamalidwe ka nyumba kapena makina owongolera kulowa. Gawo losankha la RS485 lolumikizirana limawonjezera chithandizo cha protocol ya Modbus RTU cholumikizira makina oyendetsera nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito PLC, zomwe zimathandiza kuyang'anira kutali momwe zitseko zilili (zotseguka, zotsekedwa, zolakwika), kuwerengera ma cycle kuti zikonzedwe zodzitetezera kutengera momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'malo mwa nthawi ya kalendala, komanso kutsekeka bwino kwa zitseko zingapo - mwachitsanzo, kuletsa chitseko cholowetsa katundu kuti chisatseke pamene chowongolera doko chikugwira ntchito. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakhalanso ndi nthawi yodzitsekera yokha yomwe ingakonzedwe yokhala ndi kuchedwa kosinthika kwa masekondi 1-60, kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa mphamvu kudzera pazitseko zotseguka pomwe kumapereka nthawi yokwanira yodutsa galimoto.

Kodi malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukonzekera nthawi yotani yosamalira ogwira ntchitowa?

Wogwiritsa ntchito chitseko cha DC chopanda burashi amafunika kukonza pang'ono kuposa njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito injini zopukutidwa, koma malo anayi owunikira omwe amakonzedwa amaonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ndi yayitali. Miyezi itatu iliyonse, yang'anani lamba woyendetsa kuti awone ngati wawonongeka, wasweka, kapena wagalasi ndipo tsimikizirani kuti watopa ndi mayeso opotoka (chandamale 8-10 mm pa mphamvu ya 20 N). Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse, yeretsani njira ya chitseko ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ouma a silicone - osati mafuta ochokera ku mafuta, omwe amakopa fumbi louluka ndikupanga phala losasangalatsa lomwe limafulumizitsa kusweka kwa roller ndi track. Chaka chilichonse, yang'anani ma roller opachika chitseko - roller imodzi yogwidwa imawonjezera kulemera kwa chitseko ndi 10-15%, zomwe zimawonjezera wogwiritsa ntchito. Komanso pachaka, yang'anani kuti masensa onse achitetezo amagwira ntchito bwino poyesa ndi chotchinga pamalo angapo panjira yoyendera chitseko - ichi ndi chofunikira chokonza komanso, m'malo ambiri, chofunikira chovomerezeka chovomerezeka chachitetezo cha zitseko zamafakitale zamagetsi.

Kodi wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndi woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakunja kapena zozizira?

Inde, ndi chitetezo choyenera cha nyengo. Nyumba yoyesedwa ndi IP54 imateteza ku kupopera madzi ndi fumbi, yoyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa denga kapena malo obisalamo pa doko. Pa malo oyikapo akunja omwe ali ndi mvula kapena chipale chofewa, chilimbikitso china cha nyengo (chitsulo chosavuta kapena polycarbonate) chikulimbikitsidwa. Voltage yogwirira ntchito ya 24V ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri panja chifukwa imachotsa chiopsezo cha kugwedezeka kwa magetsi kuchokera ku mawaya owonongeka - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimaganiziridwa kuti ndi chitetezo pomwe magalimoto a forklift amadutsa nthawi zonse pafupi ndi woyendetsa. Kutentha kwa ntchito kuyambira -20 mpaka +60 madigiri Celsius kumaphimba malo ambiri osungiramo zinthu, ndipo pakuyika nthawi zonse pansi pa -20 madigiri Celsius, njira yopangira mafuta yopangidwa ndi nyengo yozizira ya gearbox (pour point pansi pa -40 madigiri Celsius) imatsimikizira kuti ntchito yoyambira yozizira imachitika popanda kuchedwa komwe mafuta achikhalidwe ochokera ku mafuta amawonetsa pa kutentha kochepa.